India’s Quantum Computer Entry: Why It Matters

Why do we need quantum computing?

Normal computers process information in bits (ones and zeros). A quantum computer consists of qubits that can process ones and zeros simultaneously. Quantum computers are believed to be 100 million times faster than even the most advanced supercomputers. Google’s quantum computer, powered by its Sycamore chips with 54 qubits, was able to perform the experimental calculation in just 3 minutes and 20 seconds. The same calculation would take about 10,000 years on the world’s most powerful supercomputer! Quantum computing could speed up research in areas ranging from health to finance.

Is this India’s first such mission?

Yes, this is India’s first quantum computing mission. In 2020, Union Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman in her budget speech said that the government has set aside 8,000 crore for a national mission on quantum technologies and applications. The National Quantum Mission, announced by Union Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh on April 19, is one mission, even though the low budget makes it seem like a separate mission. In the past many countries have invested in their quantum missions in a phased manner. China’s initial investment was $1 billion.

How will this money be used?

They will be given to technical and research institutions, which may collaborate with startups and other firms to develop quantum computers and their applications. Government agencies such as the Center for the Development of Advanced Computing may be involved at some stage. Thematic hubs will be set up in top educational and R&D institutions.

What progress has India made so far?

There are not many startups working on quantum applications in India. However, some are working with global companies. Bengaluru-based BosonQ Psi is now part of IBM’s Quantum Network Startup Program, which is developing algorithms for simulations on quantum systems. Indian IT companies like TCS and Tech Mahindra are working with technical institutes to help in research. In 2021, the government launched QSim, a quantum simulator, allowing researchers to simulate quantum computation on supercomputers.

What are other companies and countries doing?

Quantum computing is still in its infancy, without a commercially available quantum computer. Google, IBM, D-Wave Systems, Honeywell, Ion-Q, Alibaba and Rigetti Computing have developed systems for research and are working to stabilize them. The US, China, Canada, Germany, France and Finland have announced missions. Some have earmarked large sums of money. China has allocated $15.3 billion, the European Union $7.2 billion and $1.2 billion (on its national quantum initiative).